Gram Truscott Infinitive matical accuracy
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1 (33 ) * /1/18 : 94/9/30 : ( ) : pashazade@ut.ac.ir : ﾓ5
2 Gram Truscott Infinitive matical accuracy (1996) (Bitchener et al., 2005; Chandler, 2003; Fazio, 2001) (Ellis et al., 2008; Bitchener, 2008; Idem &Knoch, 2008; Idems, 2010; Sheen, 2007) ( ) ( ) : ) (
3 134 5 Liu Schmand idt Brown (34 ) ( ) (2007; 1996) (2008) (2007) (2015: 71) (1994)
4 (cf. Truscott, 2007) (Bitchener & Knoch, 2010) (Lee, 2003: 229) : : (Kellerman, 1983)
5 136 Bruton (34 ) (2009: 140)
6 137 Ferris (1996; 2007) (2003; 2010) (2003) (1996; 2007) (1996) :
7 (34 ) (1994) (Truscott & Hsu, 2008) : /
8 ( ) (Ellis et al., 2008: 369; Izumi et al., 1999: 426) (Bitchener & Knoch, 2010) (1 71 7) : ｰthe ｱ ｰa/an ｱ : I read an interesting book about gravity last week. The book is written by a famous science writer ｰan ｱ1 7 ｰa ｱ ｰto ｱ : The driver pulled over to smoke a cigarette
9 (34 ) : If I had wings, I would not have to pay for transportation ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) (
10 : (cf. Sheen, 2007: ) :
11 (34 ) : /94 181
12 Mixed Partial Cohen Interaction eta within-between squared effect analy sis of variance Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Grammatical Accuracy in the Use of the Three Targeted Structures ( 1 7) ( 1 7) ( 1 7) 22/12 33/41 17/85 (8/57) (15/65) (12/53) ( ) 18/19 (9/26) 23/64 (17/60) 16/36 (8/51) ( ) /08 (7/40) 28/03 (14/68) 13/01 (7/44) ( ) /42 17/14 14/94 (9/38) (7/90) (8/69) ( ) / / : (1988) / (F (6, 146) = 2.56; p <.05) (cf. Huck & McLean, )
13 1312 Paired samples t-test (34 ) F (3, 73) = ) (5.03; p < (F (3, 73) = 2.24; p >.05) Grammatical accuracy over time (ｦﾇ p 05) / / / /
14 1313 Van Beuningen, De Jong and Ku iken (1996) (2008) (2012) :
15 Polio, Norris Fleck and Ortega and Leder (34 ) (2003) (1998) (2000)
16 1316 Shin tani and Ellis (2008) (2013)
17 (34 ) (Van Biuningen et al., 2012; Bitchener & Knock, 2010) : (Hartshorn et al., 2010) (2007) ( ) 187
18 grammatical accuracy 2. truscott 3. infinitive 4. Liu and Brown 5. Schmidt 6. Bruton 7. Ferris 8. mixed within-between analysis of variance 9. partial eta squared 10. Cohen 11. interaction effect 12. paired samples t-test 13. Van Beuningen, De Jong and Kuiken 14. Polio, Fleck and Leder 15. Norris and Ortega 16. Shintani and Ellis (1394) ｦ :
19 (34 ) References: 6ｦ1 Bitchener, J. (2008). ｰEvidence in support of written corrective feedback ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 17(2). pp ｦ1 Bitchener, J. & U. Knoch (2008). ｰThe value of written corrective feedback for migrant and international students ｱ. Language Teaching Research. 12(3). pp ｦ (2010). ｰThe contribution of written corrective feedback to language development: A ten month investigation ｱ. Applied Linguistics. 31(2). pp ｦ1 Bitchener, J.; S. Young & D. Cameron (2005). ｰThe effect of different types of corrective feedback on esl student writing ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 14(3). pp ｦ1 Bruton, A. (2009). ｰDesigning Research into the effects of grammar correction in l2 writing: not so straightforward ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 18(2). pp ｦ1 Chandler, J. (2003). ｰThe efficacy of various kinds of error feedback for improvement in the accuracy and fluency of l2 student writing ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 12(3). pp ｦ1 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale: Earlbaum. 6ｦ1 Ellis, R. et. al. (2008). ｰThe effects of focused and unfocused written corrective feedback in an English as a foreign language context ｱ. System. 36(3). pp ｦ1 Fazio, L. L. (2001). ｰThe effect of corrections and commentaries on the journal writing accuracy of minority-and majority-language students ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 10(4). pp ｦ1 Ferris, D. R. (2003). Response to Student Writing: Implications for Second 189
20 Language Students. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. 6ｦ1 Ferris, D. R. (2010). ｰSecond language writing research and written corrective feedback in SLA ｱ. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 32(2). pp ｦ1 Hartshorn, K. et. al. (2010). ｰEffects of dynamic corrective feedback on esl writing accuracy ｱ. TESOL Quarterly. 44(1). pp. 84ｨC109. 6ｦ1 Huck, S. W. & A. R. McLean (1975). ｰUsing a repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the data from a pretest-posttest design: A potentially confusing task ｱ. Psychological Bulletin. 82(4). pp ｦ1 Izumi, S. et. al. (1999). ｰTesting the output hypothesis: Effects of output on noticing and second language acquisition ｱ. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 21(3). pp. 421ｨC452. 6ｦ1 Kellerman, E. (1983). ｰNow you see it, now you don ｯt ｱ. In S. M. Gass, & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language Transfer in Language Learning (pp ). Rowley. MA: Newbury House. 6ｦ1 Lee, I. (2003). ｰL2 Writing Teachers ｯ perspectives, practices and problems regarding error feedback ｱ. Assessing Writing. 8(3). pp ｦ1 Liu, Q. & D. Brown (2015). ｰMethodological synthesis of research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback in L2 writing ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 30(4). pp ｦ1 Norris, J. M., & L. Ortega (2000). ｰEffectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative metaｩ analysis ｱ. Language Learning. 50(3). pp ｦ1 Polio, C., & C. Fleck (1998). ｰIf I only had more time: ESL learners' changes in linguistic accuracy on essay revisions ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 7(1). pp ｦ1 Schmidt, R. (1994). ｰDeconstructing consciousness in search of useful definitions for applied linguistics ｱ. In Hulstijn, J. H., & R. Schmidt (Eds.). 190
21 (34 ) Thematic issue of AILA Review. 11. pp ｦ1 Sheen, Y. (2007). ｰThe effect of focused written corrective feedback and language aptitude on esl learners ｯ acquisition of articles ｱ. TESOL Quarterly. 41(2). pp ｦ1 Shintani, N. & R. Ellis (2013). ｰThe comparative effect of direct written corrective feedback and metalinguistic explanation on learners ｯ explicit and implicit knowledge of the english indefinite article ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 22(3). pp ｦ1 Truscott, J. (1996). ｰThe case against grammar correction in L2 writing Classes ｱ. Language Learning. 46(2). pp ｦ (2007). ｰThe effect of error correction on learners ｯ ability to write accurately ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 16(4). pp ｦ A. Y. P. Hsu (2008). ｰError Correction, revision, and learning ｱ. Journal of Second Language Writing. 17(4). pp ｦ1 Van Beuningen, C. G. et. al. (2012). ｰEvidence of the effectiveness of comprehensive error correction in second language writing ｱ. Language Learning. 62(1). pp. 1ｨC41. 6ｦ1 Zand-Moghadam A. & M. Alizadeh (2012). ｰThe effect of corrective feedback on the development of discoursal and meta discoursal aspects of writing: Written vs. oral feedback ｱ. Language Related Research. Vol. 6. No. 3. Pp [In Persian]. 191
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