Harris & Moran, 1983 mental lexicon Schwarz, 1992 Raupach, 1997 Tulving, 1972 word-form word-meaning 160

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1 mental lexicon 1 1 K. I. Forster J. Morton J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart C. A. Becker W. D. Marslen-Wilson (1997) p

2 Harris & Moran, 1983 mental lexicon Schwarz, 1992 Raupach, 1997 Tulving, 1972 word-form word-meaning 160

3 Potter et al., 1984 semantic network Collins & Loftus, 1975 node link Meyer Schvaneveldt

4 lexical representation conceptual representation Hund Hund 2 (Paradis, 2000 Paradis 2000 Paradis cat cat chat Harris Moran, , p Paradis 2000, p

5 163

6 , 1997 (Paradis, 2000 Appel,2000 Ervin-Tripp (1967 Ervin-Tripp

7 Ervin-Tripp Taylor Postman & Keppel Taylor

8 Collins & Loftus

9 prime target prime target Obst - Apfel % % Geburtstag - Geschenk % % Bier - Schaum % % weiß - sauber % % Ersparnisse - Bank % % Glaube - Religion % % Rose - rot % % Winter - kalt % % blau - Himmel % % Blume - Duft % % Fluss - Wasser % % Kollege - Arbeit % % N=107( N=164( prime target prime target Dreieck - Lineal 0 0.0% % Sonnenaufgang - Neujahr 0 0.0% % Fest - Trommel 0 0.0% % Mond - Hase 0 0.0% % Sommer - Feuerwerk 0 0.0% % Kartoffel - Curry 0 0.0% % Beerdigung - Chrysantheme 0 0.0% % schwarz - Haare 1 0.9% % wichtig - Schatz 0 0.0% % Stress - Magen 1 0.9% % Natur - groß 0 0.0% % violett - edel 1 0.9% % N=107( N=164( prime target prime target Braun - Nazi % % Buddha - dick % % Herbst - Sturm % % gelb - Sonne % % rosa - Schweinchen % % grün - Hoffnung 7 6.5% % Weihnachten - Familie % % gemütlich - Kamin % % Fastnacht - Maske % % Silvester - Sekt % % Ostern - Frühling % % Kirche - Turm % % N=107( N=164( 167

10 prime target prime target Butter - Angestellter - Brot - Lehrer - Klavier - Auto - Bleistift - Milch - Medikament - Wörterbuch - Maschine - Pferd - Honig - Zeitschrift - Maus - Seife - Bibel - Mode - Fenster - freundlich - Post - Ente - Trauben - Polizei - lexical decision task

11 1994 No Yes o Yes No (NEC LL750/2 Cedrus SuperLab 40cm 1.2cm - 5.7cm ms 250ms 500ms ms 6 inter stimulus interval:isi 7 stimulus onset asynchrony SOA 750ms 169

12 reaction time: RT RT RT 4.7 RT RT(ms 170

13 RT F <.01 F <.05 F ns F <.01 F <.01 F < Yes o No Yes 1.2cm cm 171

14 RT RT % RT braun Nazi Beerdigung Chrysantheme RT ms 172

15 RT F ns F , <.01 F <. 0 F( , ns F , ns F <.01 F( <

16 1 25 Er hat eine braune Vergangenheit Grün ist die Hoffnung 8 braun Nazi SuperLab braun Nazi 174

17 1988 (1986) Warren

18 Aitchison, J Words in the mind: an introduction to the mental lexicon. Oxford: B.Blackwell Börner, W & Vogel, K. Hrsg Kognitive Linguistik und Fremdsprachenerwerb. Tübingen:Narr Chen, H. C. & Ho, C Development of stroop interference in Chinese-English 9 10 Chen & Ho

19 bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Memory, and Cognition. 12: de Groot, A. M. B. & Kroll, J. F Tutorials in Bilingualism. Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Ervin-Tripp, S An Issei Learns English. Journal of Social Issues : Harris, P. R. & Moran, R. T Managing Cultural Differences. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co. Harris, R. J. eds Cognitive processing in Bilinguals. Amsterdam; New York:North- Holland Kolers, P. A Interlingualassociations. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior Meyer, D. E. & Schwaneveldt, R. W Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of dependence between retrieval operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 90: Postman, L.& Keppel, G Norms of word association. Academic Press Potter, M. C., So, F. K., von Eckardt, B., & Feldman, L. B Lexical and conceptual representation in beginning and proficient bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 23: Paradis, M Cerebral representation of bilingual concepts. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pavlenko, A New-approaches to concept in bilingual memory. Bilingualism:Lan- 177

20 guage and Cognition 3 1 : Taylor, I How are words from two languages organized in bilingual memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology. 25: Taylor, I. & Taylor, M. M 1990 Psycholinguistics: learning and using language. Engelwood Cliffs, N J: Prentice Hall Warren, R. E Time and the Spread of Activation in Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory. 3 4 :

15 1970 Bransford, Barclay, & Franks, 1972; Mani & Johnson-Laird, 1982 3 Kintsch, Welsch, Schmalhofer, & Zimny, 1990 16 Kintsch, 1988; Kintsch, 1998; van Dijk & Kintsch, 1983 3 3 Glenberg, Meyer, and Lindem

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