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4 1946: ENIAC :TI Integrated Circuit 1961:IBM 7030 ( 1969:ARPANET 1971:Intel :IBM MOS 1976: Apple Computer, Cray :Intel : 1979: NEC PC :NTT first commercial automated cellular network (1G) analog 1981 :IBM Personal Computer 1984:Apple Macintosh, IBM PC/AT 1985:Microsoft Windows NAND 1988: 1989: DynaBook 1991:Acorn ARM6 1993:Intel Pentium 2001:Apple ipod 2007:Apple 2012:Prof. Hinton s Deep Learning won ILSVRC competition. 4
5 1946: ENIAC :TI Integrated Circuit 1961:IBM 7030 ( 1969:ARPANET 1971:Intel :IBM MOS 1976: Apple Computer, Cray :Intel : 1979: NEC PC :NTT first commercial automated cellular network (1G) analog 1981 :IBM Personal Computer 1984:Apple Macintosh, IBM PC/AT 1985:Microsoft Windows NAND 1988: 1989: DynaBook 1991:Acorn ARM6 1993:Intel Pentium 2001:Apple ipod 2007:Apple 2012:Prof. Hinton s Deep Learning won ILSVRC competition. 5
6 1946: ENIAC :TI Integrated Circuit 1961:IBM 7030 ( 1969:ARPANET 1971:Intel :IBM MOS 1976: Apple Computer, Cray :Intel : 1979: NEC PC :NTT first commercial automated cellular network (1G) analog 1981 :IBM Personal Computer 1984:Apple Macintosh, IBM PC/AT 1985:Microsoft Windows NAND 1988: 1989: DynaBook 1991:Acorn ARM6 1993:Intel Pentium 2001:Apple ipod 2007:Apple 2012:Prof. Hinton s Deep Learning won ILSVRC competition. 6
7 7
8 Werner Heisenberg s matrix mechanics "Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations 29 July 1925 "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits", Electronics Magazine 19 April 1965 ROBERT H. DENNARD Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET S with Very Small Physical Dimensions
9 LSI Design of Ion-Implanted MOSFET S with Very Small Physical Dimensions ROBERT H. DENNARD, et al. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol9, 256 (1974) 9
10 Moore s Law 10
11 11
12 Dirk Beernaert, European Commission, 12
13 Christian Mailhiot Sandia National Lab., INS1 13
14 Dirk Beernaert, European Commission,
15 15
16 Jonathan Rothberg Development of the Ion Torrent CMOS Chip for DNA Sequencing $1000 Session 8 - FOCUS SESSION: Sensors, MEMS, and BioMEMS - Sensors and Microsystems for Biomedical Applications 16
17 +4 Elements +45 Elements (Potential) 11 Elements 17
18 S. Takagi (Tokyo) INC11(2015)
19 Alan Seabaugh (Notre Dame) INC12 19
20 -electronics-single-oxide-p-n-junction-demonstrated arch/research.html Oxide Electronics Organic Various Beyond CMOS Devices Mistry_IEDM_2007 High-k + Metal Gate Intel _12/pr0801.htm J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, Conventional CMOS Si, SiO2, Al 1_10.html Deblina Sarkar et al., Nature (2015). e/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mostransistor-demonstrated/
21 MIT E-Field induced MIT Asamitsu, A., Y. Tomioka, H. Kuwahara, and Y. Tokura,, Nature 388, 50 (1997) Mott Transistors D. M. Newns, et al., APL 73, 780 (1998) Ion Liquids M. Nakano et al., Nature, 4 8 7, (2012) 21
22 MIT Field induced Magnetization Raoul Scherwitzl et al, Adv. Mater., 22, 5517 (2010) Piezoelectric Transistors D.Newns et al., J. Appl. Phys. 111, (2012) 22
23 23
24 Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) Flash Technology for Future Ultra High Density Storage Devices Akihiro Nitayama and Hideaki Aochi ECS Transactions, 18 (1) (2009) 24
25 SRAM DRAM NAND ReRAM 25
26 MRAM Magnetic Random Access Memories 26
27 DRAM MTJ [1] MTJ MTJ MOS FET MOS FET MTJ MRAM MTJ MTJ MTJ 2 GMR TMR MRAM DRAM SRAM GMR MRAM TMR MRAM 27
28 ReRAM Resistive Random Access Memories TiO2 ZrO2 Ta2O5 ReRAM DRAM MRAM 28
29 1TR1Re ReRAM ReRAM 1TR1Re ReRAM DRAM ReRAM 29
30 LSI DRAM Faster Speed, Lower Power, More Density, Lower Cost) 30
31 Rebooting Computing
32 32
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34 Prof. Tom Conte, Georgia Institute, IEEE Computer Society 34
35 Prof. Tom Conte, Georgia Institute, IEEE Computer Society 35
36 Prof. Hinton and his colleagues at Toronto U. won ILSVRC competition in
37 Prof. Hinton and his colleagues at Toronto U. won ILSVRC competition in
38 38
39 DL 39
40 40
41 Matthew Mattina Senior Director of Machine Learning & AI Technology Forum Belgium
42 NVIDIA TESLA V CUDA Core
43 43
44 1) enabling technologies: the development of scientific sensors, data processing algorithms, and simulation platforms used by computational neuroscientists; 2) reverse engineering of the brain: research that links empirical neuroscience evidence with hypotheses about how neurobiological systems manipulate information; what I cannot create, I do not understand. by Richard Feynman 3) biomimetic/neuromorphic computation and robotics: imitation of neurobiological computation mechanisms in designed applications. 30W The Wright brothers did not design an aircraft with wings that flap, but still gained inspiration from observing how birds glide and turn Proceeding of the IEEE 102 NO. 5 (2014) Special Issue : ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS BASED ON COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE, Edited by M. D. McDonnell, K. Boahen, A. Ijspeert, and T. J. Sejnowski 44
45 Neuromorphic Computing 儲 DL DL CPU/GPU+ FPGA CMOS GPU 45
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50 AI 50
51 51
52 Neuromorphic Devices IBM True North IBM True North 4056(cores)x256 (=1M) programmable CMOS "neurons" 4056(cores)x256x256 (=265M) programmable SRAM "synapses" 1 20mW 1/
53 IBM True North 53
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57 = = / = x 0 y 0 V 0 w 00 w 01 w 0j w 0p x 1 y 1 V 1 w 10 w 11 w 1j w 1p x k y j V k w k0 w k1 w kj w kp x n y p V n w n0 w n1 w nj w np 2019 Toshiba Corporation 57
58 58
59 Neuromorphic Devices Si ReRAM HP Memristive devices for computing Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Nature Nanotechnology (2013) 59
60 Neuromorphic Devices Si Panasonic 60
61 61
62 62
63 63
64 64
65 Hebb's rule A B 2 STDP Spike-Timing-Dependent ynaptic Plasticity ( ) 65
66 66
67 LIF leaky integrate-and-fire Model I(t):τmdv/dt= v(t) + RI(t) Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Model Izhikevich Neuron Model I: u, a b. c d 67
68 IBM True North 63 mw / 28nm CMOS + 1 KHz : I&F LIF 100 / Izikevich 50 : 256 / 68
69 69
70 70
71 Giacomo Indiveri Institute of Neuroinformatics University of Zurich and ETH Zurich 2016 IEDM Tutorial 3 December,
72 Giacomo Indiveri Institute of Neuroinformatics University of Zurich and ETH Zurich 2016 IEDM Tutorial 3 December,
73 73
74 Tomas Tuma et al, NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY,11, 693 (2016) 74
75 75
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78 Low-Voltage Artificial Neuron using Feedback Engineered Insulatorto-Metal-Transition Devices J. Lin et al., IEDM2016 Functional Passive Material VO2 for Analogue Signal Processing with High-Speed, Low Power, and Robust Performance T. Yajima et al., IEDM
79 Spin Torque Oscillation : MTJ Mircea Stan, University of Virginia (2013) Kaushik Roy, Purdue University (2014) MTJ 79
80 2019 Toshiba Corporation 80
81 x 0 y 0 V 0 w 00 w 01 w 0j w 0p x 1 y 1 V 1 w 10 w 11 w 1j w 1p x k y j V k w k0 w k1 w kj w kp x n y p V n w n0 w n1 w nj w np 2019 Toshiba Corporation 81
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82 4:30 PM - 4:45 PM [18p-G203-13] Impact of solid-state memristor variability on perceptron supervised learning via STDP Radu M Berdan, Takao Marukame, Yoshifumi Nishi (Toshiba RDC) 2019 Toshiba Corporation 82
83 Intel Loihi Jan Intel 128 neuromorphic cores ,384 Each core implements 1,024 primitive spiking neural units Neurons 131,072 Synapses 130,000,000 Process 14 nm Transistors 2,070,000,000 SNN/STDP Chit-Kwan Lin et al., IEEE Computer Volume: 51, Issue: 3 Pages: (2018) Mike Davies et al., IEEE Micro Volume: 38, Issue: 1 Pages: (2018), Toshiba Corporation 83
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85 Xilinx?? 85
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