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(1) Survei Sosial Economi NasionalNational Socio-economic Survey

SUSENAS Kor Modul (2) (3) (4)

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t p ( ( t p SUSENAS t

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(6) Oey-Gardiner (7) (8) (9)

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(10) (11) Y1i X 1i 1 u1i i n Y2i X 2i 2 u2i i n logyi Y2i when Y1i YiY2i when Y1i Y1i Y1i Y2i logyi Y1i Y2i Yi X 1i X 2i 12 u1i u2i logyi 11 2 (12)

X 1 1 (13) logyi a0 a1syibjxji ui YiSYiXji a0 a1 bj a1 (14)

logyi a0 a1syumi 2 a2syuf i 2 a3syrm i 2 a4syrf i 2 bjxji cratio ui YiSYUM i SYUF i SYRMi SYRFi Xji RATIOa0 a1 a2 a3 a4 bj c SYUMi SYUFi SYRMi SYRFi (15) logy SYUMa1SYUM a1 a2 a3 a4 (16) SYi a0 a1agi a2rdi a3fdibjdeji ui SYiAGi RDiFDi DEji a0 a1 a2 a3 bj SYi

AG ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( RD ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( FD ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( DR1 ( ( ( DR2 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( DR3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( DR5 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( DR6 ( ( ( DZ1 DZ2 ( ( ( ( A F t SYUMi SYUFi SYRMi SYRFi (17)

EX EX 2 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( SYUM 2 SYUF 2 SYRM 2 SYRF 2 DR1 DR2 ( ( DR3 ( ( ( ( ( ( DR5 ( ( ( ( DR6 DZ1 DZ2 ( ( ( ( RATIO A F t

(18) (19) Byron and Takahashi

logyi a0 a1xi a2xi 2 bjdeji ΣckXki ui YiXiDEjiXki a0 a1 a2 bj ck (20) F

EX EX 2 ( ( DE1j ( ( DE2j DE3j DE4j DE5j DE6j DE7j DE8j DE9j DZ1 DZ2 ( RATIO A F t (21)

Yigj DEji exp a0 a1xi a2xi 2 ckxki bj loggj DEj nj hj hj nj bj hj exp bj nj (22)

Card Psacharopulos Byron and Takahashi PsacharopulosByron and Takahashi (23)

McMahon and Boediono SAKERNASSurvei Angkatan Kerja Nasional National Labor Force Survey McMahon and Boediono Duflo INPRES INPRES Duflo

2007 18580236 SAS Statistical Analysis System (1) Psacharopulos 19942002 Byron and Takahashi 1989 McMahon and Boediono 1992 Duflo 2001 (2) BPS PENGELUARAN UNTUK KONSUMSI PENDUKU INDONESIA Expenditure for Consumption of Indonesia BPS Badan Pusat Statistik (3) 2 (4) (5) 19982000 (6) 2004 2004 (7) 18 18

(8) Mincer 1980 2003 (9) Spector and Mazzeo 1980 (10) 8 2002 61.020.4 12.2 20059 (11) 1985 1992 (12) 1992 (13) 1998161,44076,577.23 2000 155,27474,220.62 2002 153,88967,314.45 2004 157,98065,940.24 33 (14) McMahon and Boediono 1992 11.0 5.0 (15) 5 2345 5 (16) Card 1999 (17) 0.11 2 199820002.22.2 20022.52.5 2004 2.92.9 (18) 7 0.1 1 2 0.4 11 (19) Griliches 1977 (20) 181998 0.4 (21) 1820002002 20041998 0.4 (22) Halvorsen and Palmquist 1980 (23) Byron and Takahashi 198915%17%

Amemiya, Takeshi [1985] Advanced Econometrics, Harvard University Press. Byron, R. P. and H. Takahashi [1989] An Analysis of the Effect of Schooling, Experience and Sex on Earnings in the Government and Private Sectors of Urban Java, Bulletin of Indonesia Economic Studies, Vol.25, No.1, pp.105 117. Card, David [1999] The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings, Ashenfelter, O. C. and Card, D. editors, Handbook of Labor Economics, North-Holand, Vol.IIIA, pp.1801 1863. Duflo, Esther [2001] Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia : Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment, American Economic Review, Vol.91, No.4, pp.795 813. Griliches, Zvi [1997] Estimating the Returns to Schooling : Some Econometric Problems, Econometrica, Vol.45, No.1, pp.1 22. Halvorsen, Robert and Raymond Palmquist [1980] The Interpretation of Dummy Variables in Semilogarithmic Equations, American Economic Review, Vol.70, pp.474 475. McMahon, Walter W. and Walter W. Boediono [1992] Universal Basic Education : An Overall Strategy of Investment Priorities for economic Growth, Economics of Education Review, Vol.11, No.2, pp.137 151. Mincer, Jacob [1974] Schooling, Expenditure, and Earnings, National Bureau of Economic Research, Columbia University Press. 1992 2329 47 Oey-Gardiner, Mayling [1997] Educational Development, Achievements and Challenges, Jones, Cavin W. and Terence H. Hull eds., Indonesia Assessment : Population and Human Resources, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pp.135 166. Psacharopulos, George [1994] Return to Investment in Education : A Global Update, World Development, Vol.22, No.9, pp.1325 1343. Psacharopulos, George and Harry Antbony Patrinos [2002] Return to Investment in Education : A Global Update, The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper, No.2881. 2003 13 48 2005 2002 39 4187 225 Spector, L. and M. Mazzeo [1980] Probit analysis and economic education, Journal of Education, Vol.11, pp.1079 1085.

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EX EX 2 ( ( DE1j ( ( DE2j DE3j DE4j DE5j DE6j DE7j DE8j DE9j DZ1 DZ2 ( RATIO A F t

EX EX 2 ( ( DE1j ( ( ( ( DE2j DE3j DE4j DE5j DE6j DE7j DE8j DE9j DZ1 DZ2 ( RATIO A F t

EX EX 2 ( ( DE1j ( ( DE2j DE3j DE4j DE5j DE6j DE7j DE8j DE9j DZ1 DZ2 ( RATIO A F t