15, 2005 11 * : (IR ) 1. * IWATA Natsuho: [ 135 ]
136 (symmetry) (asymmetry) 1 (Sacks 1972a, b) ( 1995) 2. 2 1. NS-NNS (native speaker, NS) (non-native speaker, NNS) NS (Beebe & Giles 1984; Fan 1992; Gaies 1982; van Lier & Matsuo 2000) NS NNS Fan (1992) NS NS 1 joint construction co-construction (Linell 1998: 86) collaboration ( 2004) collaboration
137 NS NNS NNS NS NNS NS (1999) NNS NS (p. 80) NS NS NNS NS NNS (1999) NS NNS NS 2 2. NS 2 (Linell, Gustavsson & Juvonen 1988; Marková & Linell 1996) (local) (global) (Linell 1990; Linell & Luckmann 1991) (dominance) (inequality) (equality) Linell (1990) Linell & Luckmann (1991) 2 NNS NS (Woken & Swales 1989) (Zuengler 1989; Zuengler & Bent 1991) NS
138 (symmetry) (asymmetry) 3. 3. Linell et al. (1988) (Initiative-Response analysis IR ) Linell et al. (1988) Linell (1998) IR (pointforward) (1) ( ) (2) (Linell et al. 1988: 417) (point-backwards) (marked) () 4 (1) (2) 3 (3) (4) 4 4 3 (Linell et al. 1988) (Linell 1998: 171) 4 4 ( 6 )
139 Linell et al. (1988) 18 19 5 6 6 1 6 4. NS NNS 5 Linell et al. (1988) 18 1 (7.*) 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. ( ) 5. ( ) ( 1 ) > () ( 2 ) ( ) ( 3 ) <> () ( 4 ) < ( ) ( 5 ) < ( 6 ) > () ( 7 ) ( ) ( 8 ) < ( 9 ) => () (10) = ( ) (11) <=> () (12) <= ( ) (13) : > (14) : ( ) (15) (16) > 6. (17) (> (18) >) 7.* (19) = > Linell et al. (1988: 439 440) 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
140 2 (1) NS NNS (2) 5. 5 1. ( : ) ( : ) 10 1 1 ( ) 20 9 10 (Maynard & Zimmerman, 1984) ( & 2000 ) 2003 7 2 9 5 (NNS NS ) (NNS ) IR 7 7 (10 ) 2 81%
141 2 [ = ( ) (.)(..) ::? hhh hhh ( ) (1999) NNS-NS NNS-NS NNS NNS-NS 5 2. (1) 200 50 IR
142 (2) (1995) (Sacks 1972a, b) ( ) (1995) (2) 6. 6 1. 1 2 200 IR 8 2 3 4 2 ( ) 8
143 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 (1 100 ) 2 (101 196 ) 4 ( ) 3 3 4 2 3 4 6 2. 50 (1) 1 50 3 50 ( S) ( L) 1 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 1 50 1 20L: [ :: [ :: :: [ : (.) (.) 21S: [ :::! [ [ :::: 22L: 23S: :::.h(.) :: (.) (.) 24L: 25S: : : [(.) 26L: hhh [ :::::::::: : : = :: :: (.) :: :: 27S: : : :::
144 28L: ::::: (3) :: (..) : (.) GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 13 GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG ( ) 42L: :: : (2) h: 43S: ::: (.).h : (4).h :: :.h :: (.) (..) 23S ( 2003) (43S) 3 NS NNS (2) 51 100 4 1 23S ( 2)( 3) 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 51 100 2 79L: ( ) :: : [ 80S: [ :: (1) ::::: :: [ 81L: [ ::: (2) (.)
145 82S: h hhh 83L: h h hhh hhhh 84S: [ : 85L: [ 80S 81L (82S) (83L) 82S 3 ( ) (3) 101 150 ( 5) 2, 3, 4 3 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 101 150 3 101L: 102S: ( ::: b : ) [ :: 103L: [ :(..) 104S: 105L: d :: :: :: 106S: [ 107L: [ hhhh :hhhh hhh 3 102S ( ) (104S) 105L
146 4 4 119L: [ 120S: [ [ :(.) 121L: [ :: hhhhhh 122S: hh (.)# ::(.) 121L 122S 5 5 130S: : JJ ( ) h 131L: 132S: 133L: JJ :: (.) [ 134S: [ h h.h [ 135L: hh [ h hh.hh 130S JJ 133L 134S JJ (135L) 135L
147 (Svennevig 1999) (Edelsky 1997: 196) (4) 151 196 6 3 6 6 153S: 154L: : [: 155S: [ : 156L: (..)? 157S: Ghost house 158L: :::: :: : (.) 157S: hhh 159L: 160S: ::: [ 161L: 162S: [ (.) :: 153S 154L 160S (161L) (162S) 154L 155S 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 151 196
148 7. (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (Maynard & Zimmerman 1984) NNS
149 8. NS NNS NS NNS NS NS IR IR 9 IR 1 6 (Itakura 2001) Linell et al. (1988) 9
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